Schemes battery connections, consider all the subtleties and nuances

So, it would seem that it is easier to interconnect the batteries, because there are only two ways: it is parallel and serial, but in fact, even in such a seemingly simple case has its own quirks, not taking into account that you can even withdraw from the new battery system. In this article I'll show you how to connect the batteries according to the rules. So, let's begin.

parallel connection

Let's start with a parallel connection. When parallel connection is a connection of all terminals plus one plus and minus terminals of all minus one.

In this method a compound regardless of how much of the total voltage to be connected, will be equal to the voltage of one cell. But this power of the discharge current is proportional to the increase in the number of times we combine elements in the chain provided that joined the batteries of the same type.

series connection

When such assembly is equal to the total capacity of the capacity of one chain element, but the voltage rises and is equal to the total voltage of all connected elements.

The strength of the current from the battery thus formed will be equal to the current strength of the element.

What purpose batteries combined in a battery

Let's say a few words about the reasons for such manipulations. This is because our system is far from perfect, and they contain loss on heating wires. And it is much more advantageous to transmit power at a higher voltage, e.g., at 220 volts than at 12 volts. After all, at a higher voltage and less current flow losses therefore also smaller.

It is therefore quite powerful UPS assembled from batteries connected in a daisy chain designed for 12 volts. In this case, the assertion is true: the higher rate of the voltage source, the more it exhibits high efficiency.

If you need to increase the impact of current, it is much more profitable to put in parallel another battery (to increase the total power capacity) than to buy a new high-capacity battery.

Nuances that must be considered when combining batteries

Now let's understand the intricacies of the rules and battery connections.

For all batteries correctly claim that the greater the capacity of the battery, the lower the internal resistance, and in this case the dependence there is almost inversely proportional.

So, if we take the products of different sizes, but performed on identical technology, and connect them in a daisy chain (a chain after that we close), then the current in this circuit will flow same. But the voltage drop will be different on each element.

And it is likely that one of the circuit elements during the charging voltage is substantially higher than the nominal value, which is highly undesirable, and for discharging substantially less than the lower limit, the same undesirable for battery. For a better understanding, let's consider the following example:

Imagine that the battery comprises 10 elements on a rated voltage of 12 volts. 9 and 10 will have a capacity of 20 Ah and a 10 Ah.

And let's connect our battery in a consistent manner and deliver the charge current in the device 2 Ampere. When this memory is adjusted such that when the voltage U 138 will disconnect the battery charger (starting from the mean value to 13.8 U to a separate accumulator in the chain). So what happens during charging?

And that's what. It is logical that a small capacity battery will be charged as well as the remaining batteries, that's just the voltage across its plates will increase three times faster than that of the other elements.

When a battery with capacity of 10 Ah already be fully charged and has to be translated into a voltage regulation mode, it will not happen. And all because the remaining constituent elements of the battery must be charged for several hours.

During this time, the voltage at the accumulator exceeds a small limit of gases and recombination system is quite simply not survive. Valves would be disrupted, leading to loss of moisture, reduction in capacity.

From this it follows that the charged series connected batteries is permissible only if they are identical capacity are made according to a single technology and are in the same stage of the discharge.

Now let's look at this situation. We will discharge the same battery, in which each element has a voltage value of 13.8 volts, the discharge current is equal to 2 amperes.

Protection against deep discharge elements when triggered to discharge to a total voltage of 72 U (one element 7,2 U). But there is a small battery in our chain, and this discharge current is fully discharged after 4 hours, while the remaining batteries will still be 12U. Protection from discharge will be silent, and a small battery will inevitably lose its original capacity.

Therefore, in a daisy chain is best to connect the batteries from the same batch and before the connection is necessary to check their battery capacity tester.

Now let's talk about a parallel connection

In parallel connect batteries of different capacities is quite possible. After all, with such a compound container plays no role, because the maximum discharge current and the charge for each its element. In this case it is much more important, that when combined voltages of all cells was similar.

After all, if during the connection of two batteries, greatly differing in capacity will be different, and stresses that inevitably arise short-term overload current of the battery.

If the high voltage battery will have a lower capacity, then the connection will flow inside short-circuit current, which can destroy the cell.

If the high voltage battery will have a large capacity, it still hurt a battery with a small capacity, since in this case it will take charge mode overload.

Therefore, the main rule for parallel connection of a pre-equalization of stresses.

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