Prefabricated homes: just warm monolith in the permanent shuttering

Modern construction technology: immediately and reliably, and beautiful, and energy efficiency. The personal experience of the participants of the portal

The abundance of construction technology allows each developer to choose the optimal method of building design that suits him in all respects. In recent years, traditionally in demand brick, block and frame housing added permanent formwork - a technology that causes a lot of controversy and has both supporters and so opponents. This topic among users of the portal FORUMHOUSE also relevant, it makes sense to consider it in detail.

Content

• The design features "hot form"
• installation of permanent formwork technology
• Decorating homes of permanent shuttering

The design features "hot form"

permanent formwork technology allows and build, and to insulate the structure and is used as a foundation for the construction and the box. This is a universal method used in the private and high-rise construction. The underlying principle of the monolithic concrete constructions: reinforcement cage is filled with concrete, but the formwork is not dismantled after setting of the solution, but remains part of the "pie". In fact, the formwork - a form that allows the concrete "stuffing" take a specified geometry. But in the case of the permanent kind, this insulation, the use of which greatly reduces the heat loss of the building. It began the use of permanent formwork with bases, continued rectangular walls, today the release and radial blocks: if you want - zaley bay, you want - fancy pool.

Monolith or permanent formwork is hollow blocks or slabs with the crosspieces, provides additional traction series tongue and groove system.

Issued and the necessary additional elements - corner blocks, the crown, caps and the like. Initially, for the production of permanent formwork used three kinds of raw materials.

• Polystyrene - at its base manufactured foam (PSB) and polystyrene (EPS) blocks and slabs.

• Polystyrene - formwork of mineral binder (cement) and granular (polystyrene) filler.

• Schepotsement - consisting of blocks and slabs - up to 90% of an organic filler and cement as a binder. Typically, organics represented wood chips coarse fraction, but some manufacturers may add to the mixture and other vegetable raw materials (cane, reed, straw). And in blocks, slabs and exterior walls inside - a layer of insulation - polystyrene (half of the internal volume) blocks for internal partitions - empty.

Now on sale in stores in Moscow and regions of our country, there are options combined, when the outer wall of the PPP or the PSB and the interior - from sheet materials such as OSB or DSP. Since the thermal conductivity of the inner layer higher than that of PPP (DPM), the thickness of the outer significantly greater than in whole polystyrene blocks. Start block wall thickness - 50 mm, but such a layer on the inside and outside enough to warm climate, for cold regions of the outer layer should be from 100 mm. Another way to get immediately and durable, and warm walls, is described in the material an energy-efficient house made of reinforced expanded clay.

The most eco-friendly formwork - from schepotsementa, because it consists of natural raw materials and minerals binder and has a good vapor permeability, but is much more expensive than pure polystyrene. The bulk of the buildings erected on permanent formwork technology, built from blocks of polystyrene - they are more affordable than schepotsementnye, and more durable than foam. The strength and durability of the formwork will depend on the density of the blocks. Unscrupulous manufacturers give loose blocks of dense, and in the certificate of conformity put down the right number.

In order not to be deceived, the user of our portal a991ruProfessionally engaged in construction, advises to pay attention to weight - according to him, 1 mᶟ quality, dense formwork should weigh no less than 15 - 16 kg.

The main advantages of insulated monolith include not only the speed of the building process and availability in financial terms, but also the possibility of self-erection even without an appropriate qualifications. Additional advantages recorded perfectly aligned (with proper mounting) surface that do not require a thick plaster layer. Outside enough plaster or hinged screen, and inside often cost plasterboard.

The main disadvantage of the opponents of the technology referred to as PPP harm and low water vapor permeability - the walls can release into the air aggressive chemicals, and the house becomes a thermos.

kubarik

Member FORUMHOUSE

Build another house on the permanent formwork technology - yes, the house gets warm, but absolutely nedyshashy - misted windows in winter, humidity in the house crazy. In touch with the customer, which is also built on this technology - the same trouble.

Hypothetical aggressiveness material on the conscience blocks manufacturers - quality materials and manufacturing compliance formwork technology minimizes evolution of volatile compounds. If in doubt, the attracted material can be attributed to the local SES laboratory for testing. And in order to protect yourself from the poison, should carefully choose the supplier and not be carried out at too low prices, as an option - use schepotsementnuyu or combined formwork. Avoid thermos effect will properly organized system of ventilation, which decides problem of moisture and mildew may appear on the brick at disturbances and block walls. Although some participants FORUMHOUSE not noticed problems with moisture in the room even without additional ventilation.

kamzhenya

Member FORUMHOUSE

About ventilation - in our region climate, you know, the wet, even very much - no extra. ventilation in these houses there. Well, there is no such problem, it is in practice.

Given that the region of residence participant portal - the Far East, permanent formwork is particularly relevant because of the high seismic resistance: monolithic construction is less susceptible to deformation.

installation of permanent formwork technology

Optimal foundation for a permanent shuttering tape. When using concrete blocks, it is desirable to pour over monolithic belt 30 cm thick. During filling of the foundation into it are mounted vertical reinforcing rods (diameter - 10 mm), which further help unify the base and the box in a single spatial structure. As in any construction process, between the foundation and the first row perform waterproofing. Rolling membrane or film to prick pins. Fusing bituminous mastic is not suitable for use under the polystyrene blocks, preferably polyethylene or roofing asphalt with grit. Under certain circumstances, do without waterproofing.

Kamfish

Member FORUMHOUSE

I did a tape produced rebar, waterproofing does not fit. But then the walls of the ground floor sheathed DSP and waterproofed facing materials. plinth – about 1.8 meters.

When assembling the first of a number of necessary level of strict observance. Skew aligned adhesive or grout. Blocks are beginning to spread to the corners, stringing rebar. After assembly of the first series of the grooves is set horizontal reinforcement overlaps and communicates with the vertical wire bind, some using plastic ties. The second row is going a similar way. Masonry brick mimics - offset of adjacent rows in order to increase the strength of the monolith. Slot system further fixes and seals the seams and joints is not allowed discrepancy grooves, or cold bridges are obtained. Depending on the type of the blocks or plates and the manufacturer's recommendations, interconnected segments can additionally be fastened with wire or clips. Dmitriy Kov, who built a house for permanent formwork technology of polystyrene blocks, I created the following reinforcement cage.

dmitriy Kov

Member FORUMHOUSE

Vertical reinforcement set in about sixty centimeters, horizontal - in two series. Naturally, all the window and door openings reinforced at the sides - two valves on top - four of them, in all the corners and intersections - the same four pieces. Where there is an opening for the garage - top six pieces, valves connected as expected, with some overlap. All valves in the walls 10 mm, in the raft foundation- six pieces of 12 mm. The house stands on 43 pillars made brown tees with the expansion of the bottom 0.5 m.

According to the project at Laid first rows formed bends under internal partitions and door panels, laid engineering communications: in the blocks are cut slots stacked necessary at this stage pipe. As the installation of blocks is formed of the vertical reinforcement cage and longitudinal rods linkable with each other. The diameter of armature will depend largely on the strength of the monolith and its resistance to deformation, often knit frame rods of diameter 10-12 mm.

For the monolith using a standard cement-sand mortar with addition of fine gravel fraction kneaded mechanically or manually.

Considering that at a time is filled from two to four rows (depending on the brand and type of formwork) engaging the pump art justified on large construction sites with quadrature when these several rows placed several cubes solution. In case of violation of technology and at the same time pouring more rows might like bulging blocks - "belly" and the formation of voids and gaps. To compact the solution, are used as vibrators and the "at random" - with a long armaturiny or wooden handle.

Since when casting solution may partly filled grooves, which will prevent installation of the next row, one of the members of the portal, Lord Kyron, Fashioned U-shaped metal frame, the width equal wall blocks and covered on the surface of the filling portion of the wall. To assemble rows of mixing solution, installation of the reinforcing cage and pouring monolith he attracted popular among private traders "Tajik-operation" in the labor force. And in order to minimize the possibility of marriage, closely supervise the first row and the further process. If the time to notice the protruding segment until the solution is not seized, it is quite simple to align.

Given that the filling solution in the formwork is carried out in layers, to avoid the extreme number of thermal bridges is not filled to the top, while the middle - the seam is fully closed in the block.

Plus, each following layer not filled after complete setting, and after a short interval, during the final maturation of concrete is formed a large, insulated monolith.

Formwork is not itself a carrier, so all the floors and joists are stacked directly on a concrete filling, which are cut in the layer of expanded polystyrene corresponding grooves. In order to increase the heat capacity of the building, which would be "lame" due to insulation, interior walls are sometimes made of other wall materials - brick, blocks, plasterboard structures. One possible - pouring into the shuttering of the monolith, and after solidification structure - removing the polystyrene walls.

Decorating homes of permanent shuttering

Facing permanent formwork need to improve the protection and decorative material from external influences, this also applies to most types of block and karkasnikov. Given the lack of need for walls leveling, dispense thick plaster layer. Suffice reinforcing layer of fiberglass or stainless mesh with an adhesive solution and subsequent application of a decorative plaster or putty composition.

Safety factor of the walls enough for heavier materials - tiles or stone, is not less popular and siding. Siding mounted on the subsystem, which is attached either directly to the concrete, or when the plastic webs in the blocks, in the bridge. Today, the market can find a decorative kind of formwork - it already has a cover layer simulating facade tile. But due to relatively high cost of such an option is not in high demand. Member portal AlexIll22 He transformed a typical building in the exclusive means of exciting finishes.

AlexIll22

Member FORUMHOUSE

Decorating the outside: a grid under a stone - stainless steel, mesh under the walls - Paint, stone - are now on every corner, when a finished house three years ago, was a rare and interesting color. Plates sold thickness of 10 to 50 mm. As advice, but not a dogma - a stone put on the glue for swimming pools - the most in our climate it, even with a large overhang of the roof at 90 cm. Walls - polymer, tinted directly from the seller facade plaster.

Interior decoration also simplified smooth walls, but most often used for facing gypsum boards which are fastened to the profile or to the glue, it all depends on the skill of builders. AlexIll22 Purlin profile used not only for wall, but also for interior partitions, the partitions in further arranged insulation layer.

Modern adhesive mixture is allowed to mount the sheet on a layer of several centimeters, which should cover the possible irregularities. There are other options, drsergp done without subsystems and plasterboard, plastered walls with stucco and the floor went semi-dry screed.

There are no restrictions in the choice of interior there are no solutions, but once the walls of polystyrene, which is difficult to pass air and is relatively safe, it makes sense to choose natural materials.

Output

Any construction technology has its advantages and disadvantages, the choice one makes conscious, aware of what is coming. That permanent formwork - one of the possible methods of construction, which has a right to exist.

And use it or dwell on other options, decide for yourself. More pros and cons are discussed in the topics "The technology of permanent formwork of polystyrene" and "The house of permanent shuttering". Material of plaster under the mud hut It tells an interesting interior solution, if the house is two-story. An article about the ceiling insulation help protect yourself from trampling over your head. In the video - the process Fill the house of permanent formwork technology in the winter time.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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