The choice of wood: characteristics of different breeds

Wood - is one of the most common building materials in the country. From it build frame and log houses, trim facadesAre rooted roof. The wood used in joinery, from it make copyrights interior and carved sculpture.

Despite the accessibility, this material has a lot of secrets, knowing that you can make an informed choice, rather than buy a "pig in a poke." To choose the right wood, it is necessary to understand its properties. Therefore, in today's article we will discuss about the features of different types of wood.

Features wood

Our portal has in detail told about features laminated veneer lumberAnd compared shaped beam with a conventional. Anyone who has read this article, know that the properties of the material largely determine the scope of its use. So, before you go to the market for the "tree", you need to ask yourself - where you will use it. It's one thing if you want to lay a wooden floor on the terrace, and quite another if the tree is necessary for making carvings. In the first case from the timber requires high strength (toughness), and resistance to weathering and insect pests, and the second should be preferred over a soft (well treated) grades tree.

Wood properties depend largely on its structure and thickness of the layers. Maximum strength and resistance to unfavorable external factors and, hence, durability, have of late forming layers - so called sapwood. Note that this statement is not true for all types of wood. For example, larch (unlike pine and spruce) kernel twice stronger than the sapwood.

About this property of wood in the first place to remember those who are going to build a house made of logs. After all, in the processing of whole tree trunk on a special machine to cut off it is usually external, which means - the most solid piece of wood.

Rule: wood from different tree species has different physical and mechanical properties and characteristics. It is a mistake to divide the timber into "good" and "bad" because it is often the wrong choice or the use of wood brings out all its advantages and significantly reduces the service life of the product.

wood species can be divided into two major groups:

• Conifers.
• Deciduous.

Having studied these groups and to understand the properties of the wood, we understand, for what works and designs best suits a particular material.

Softwood

Traditionally, in any construction market are widely represented softwood, which includes pine and spruce. Less common larch and cedar. Let us consider each breed.

Pine. We can say that this civil material from which many prefer to build houses. It affects the prevalence of this type of wood and ease of processing. Due to its structure pine is resistant to decay. Additionally, because of the open cell structure, pine has a high air permeability. Therefore, the wall erected out of this material, "breathe."

If we consider as a pine wood joinery, it is often used in the manufacture of furniture, doors and window frames. Well-dried pine wood perfectly sawed, cut, planed, glued and painted. Pine wood has a pronounced texture, which makes it attractive for carvings and mosaic works.

Spruce. The wood of this breed knotty, and the texture is less pronounced than that of pine. These features impose restrictions on the use of spruce in joinery, as well as in the manufacture of furniture. In addition, the dried wood spruce exposed cleavage, so it does not try to use as a floor covering. Spruce also more susceptible to rot than pine.

Hermes-sz (User FORUMHOUSE):

When drying of pine sapwood cell structure remains "open" closes only the structure of heartwood. cell structure of the same spruce sapwood and the heartwood to the "closed" during drying.

Due to differences in cell structure of pinewood vlagonakopleniyu less susceptible than pine. When seasonal variations humidity spruce practically does not change its volume.

Spruce, by virtue of the looseness of its structure and low density, has a low degree of thermal conductivity than the pine wood. Therefore, the walls made of spruce, warmer than the pine erected. Spruce wood is more flexible than pine, does not warp or breaks under load. This affects the scope of its use.

In the construction of fir in demand in the production of floor beams, roof systems, podstropilnyh runs and came down - horizontal, intermediate supports under the rafters.

In addition, wood is spruce has high capacity resonating - quality appreciating the manufacture of musical instruments. Spruce splits easily, luschitsya, so it is used for shingles and shingles.

Hermes-sz:

According to the deformation resistance and ability to hold fasteners spruce pine virtually equivalent.

It should also be borne in mind that the properties of the wood affects the place of its growth. For example, on the density and resinous pine and spruce wood affects where there were trees - in the mixed forest, on the edge, in the valley, near the marshes, etc.

Larch. This material, in view of high strength, density (higher than of pine and spruce 1/3), lubricity and resistance to bioporazheniyam and insect resistance, indispensable for the construction of log houses. Larch used for skid planks and bottom rims, i.e. - places located close to the ground and exposed to the greatest effects of adverse weather conditions.

Larch is indispensable for the manufacture of pile construction for a long time in the water. With the construction of St. Petersburg and Venice used larch piles, because this wood with a long stay in the water does not rot, and "petrified". Because of its dense structure and density of the walls, built of larch, less warm than spruce or pine. In addition, the larch harder.

Hermes-sz:

If we take the "heat shield" the walls of the timber or pine timber for 100%, the same wall of spruce or cedar will be about 10% "warmer" than of pine, and larch - by 25-30% "colder" pine.

Among the features of larch it can be noted that this stuff is bad "breathes", but it is difficult to illuminate. Due to the beautiful texture larch wood demand in the furniture industry. Despite the complexity of processing, Larch is also used for carvings and mosaic works.

Cedar. Cedar has a soft timber, which is well-cut and sawn. Bars of cedar easily lathing and wood has a beautiful texture. In addition, cedar is resistant to rot. Products made of this wood can be placed outdoors.

Hardwood

If we talk about "carpenter's shop", in this case traditionally demanded deciduous woods. First of all, you can select oak.

Oak. Everyone is familiar with high strength, hardness and durability of oak wood. Oak is resistant to decay, but because of the abundance of tannins, this wood is well-etched. Oak wood sticky, well handled cutting tools, it can be bent. The texture of wood fibers pronounced. Furniture made of oak, not be confused with any other.

Natovich (User FORUMHOUSE):

I have been "cooler" in the furniture carpenter's shop. I had to work with a pine tree. I do not like it - boring stuff. Oak - is another matter! This tree is a "character". From it emanates positive energy. Products are obtained strong and beautiful. As they say, "forever."

Oak wood processing, should be aware of the dangers and carcinogenicity of fine dust. Therefore, working with oak in a well-ventilated area. We use respiratory protective equipment - Respiratory.

Ash. Wood ash is similar to oak. This can be seen in the similarity of the fiber, but the texture of wood ash is lighter than oak. Ash has high strength and toughness, but under adverse conditions (high humidity and dampness) wood ash begins to rot. Ash necessarily need antiseptic protective equipment.

After steaming ash bends easily. Also this wood is well-finished with. Because of the tendency to form nodules (as all hardwoods) - thickenings on the barrel - the so-called kap, having a higher hardness than the parent wood, ash is often used in the application creativity. Capa is well suited for creating artistic products with an unusual "stone" texture under the "Malachite" or a "marble".

Beech. Beech wood strength corresponds oak. As well as ash, beech sawn well, bends after steaming, drilled, processed by the cutting tool. But, due to exposure to vlagonakopleniyu, beech wood can begin to rot. This is worth remembering, having decided to use products from beech wood in damp rooms. To protect the beech wood, use of antiseptics and staining special paints.

Although beech has a pronounced texture, with tangential and radial sections of the tree, as they say, begins to "play." Therefore, Beech sliced ​​veneer, which is then used for wrapping furniture. Beech is also used in the manufacture of curved pieces of furniture and musical instruments details.

Selection and storage of timber

In addition to knowledge about the types of wood and its properties, it is equally important to know how to choose it when you buy and then store. No matter what you need wood - house construction or carpentry work, the first assistant in the selection - Roulette. The selection algorithm is as follows: determined with the required timber size (thickness, length and width of the board). In order not to count manually on a special table find the number of boards (pc.) Contained in 1 cubic meter of the given size timber.

For example, the board needs 150h50h6000 mm. In the 1 m³ - 22 boards. Armed with this knowledge, she goes shopping.

Choosing wood with no visible lesions pests and signs of decay. Boards (depending on the grade and type - edged or unedged) should be no wane, cracks, chips, bundles. We select the board, measuring their geometric dimensions - width, length and thickness. board sizes must meet the stated, and not "walk" from the board to the board.

Also look at the ends of the boards. The curvature of growth rings can "estimate" the size of sawn barrel. You can also see from the trunk area has been sawn board. At this point, you should pay attention, because after sawing the trunk, upon drying, the boards may warp. Depending on the site of what had been sawn boards, changing the direction of deflections and bumps.

For clarity, you can use the following pattern.

If possible, we acquire a dry board. If it's a number of reasons (including economic) can not, bring the board up to the necessary standard, ie, we dry them yourself.

For this purchased boards are stackable without forgetting lay between the boards pads (bars), which provide free flow of air between the boards. The stack should be raised above the ground, purged (vented) on all sides, and the top is closed from direct exposure to adverse weather conditions.

you can learn from our material, how to properly dry wood, And How select the material for the construction of a wooden house. Also our experts will talk about all the nuances selection boards for constructionframe house and the principles of building the correct stacks for atmospheric drying timber. Next topic will be of interest to those who want to learn on their own secrets of oak furniture.

In our video scripts tells about features chopped home and displayed secrets of chopped baths "Fairy tales".

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