What is different from the battery capacitor

You never thinking what is the fundamental difference between the capacitors and batteries? Because in fact they perform the same function, namely to accumulate electric charge, then to give it to the connected load. In this article I will discuss the fundamental differences between these two seemingly very similar elements.

What is the task of the capacitor and the battery

The main task of the battery is the accumulation and storage of charge in the form of a chemical for a long time. And then for a short or a long time to feed the contrary connected load due to accumulated charge.

The task of the condenser at approximately the same conditions is to temporarily accumulate charge and to convey its load with the required value of the current.

It turns out that the capacitor is not necessary for a long time to keep the stored charge in contrast to the battery.

So, what is the difference between these products, let's see.

Condenser how it works

Let's start with the capacitor. This Latin word and means (condensatio) - accumulation. In its simplest form, it is made of a pair of conductive plates of large area which are separated with a dielectric.

The principle of operation of the condenser is concluded as follows: when feeding from an external source to the electrode emf capacitor dielectric disposed between the electrodes begins to accumulate energy in the form of electric field.

Dielectric polarization occurs because the charges on the plates of its electric field are beginning to have a direct impact on related charges within the dielectric. And dipole orientation occurs inside the dielectric (fresh charges in the insulator having a strong bond) so as to compensate for the applied external influence their total electric field.

Now turn off the external emf can be seen that the polarization of the dielectric material in a capacitor is preserved, that is, during the a certain time (time of conservation of charge depends on the material and the characteristics of the applied dielectric) capacitor will charged.

Now, if the load connected to the plates, then through closed chain under the influence of the electric field of the charged electric current starts to flow.

When this capacitance is directly dependent on the size of electrodes and the dielectric constant of the dielectric used. That is, the larger the area of ​​the plates and the higher the permeability, the greater the capacitance is a capacitor. When this current also depends on these parameters.

Battery

Word battery Latin translates as (accumulo) - collect, store. The algorithm for this product lies in the following:

It uses a reversible chemical process that occurs in the electrolyte and the electrodes (cathode and anode).

Let's take as an example, analyze the principle of operation of the lithium ion battery.

After the battery terminals to external EMF is applied to the charging, the lithium ions by the action of an applied force start to be embedded in a graphite anode grid (copper plate). When there is a low battery, then the same lithium ions begin the process of returning in an aluminum cathode.

The capacity of the lithium battery directly depends on the quantity of lithium ions is incorporated into the anode during charging and leaves them during discharge.

At the present batteries own characteristics. So if too fast charging lithium-ion battery, the lithium ions at the same time will not have time to be integrated into the electrodes and will form so-called lithium metal strand, and this can cause a short circuit within the product.

If our very quickly discharged battery, the cathode is simply just destroyed. As the battery requires strict compliance with polarity and magnitude of control currents during charge and discharge.

The main difference

So, it turns out that a charged capacitor contains within it a ready-made charge that can be given to load almost instantly.

A charge in the accumulator is only potentially present and the battery should it produce due to the chemical reaction. After all, even a fully charged battery charge virtually none. And when connecting the load chemical process is started and the charge begins to produce, and as soon as the load is turned off, the chemical process stops generating charge.

conclusion

It turns out that despite the fact that these two elements perform similar functions they differ both in construction and in operation principle. And the main difference lies in the fact that in a charged capacitor charge is already there, but in the charged battery charge need to chemically produce.

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