Warming stone house: the basic principles of the construction and calculation of insulation thickness

Topics devoted to the construction of energy-efficient homes, enjoy continued popularity among users of our portal. But often under the energy efficiency understand well warmed frame houses, stone houses overlook. This is due to the fact that developers are beginning to rely on selection of the best wall material for the construction of stone houses, while energy-saving issue requires a comprehensive approach. In our today's article we will fill this gap.

Energy efficiency: basic principles

When it comes to the construction of stone houses, often asking questions such as: Will the heat in the house of aerated concrete walls with a thickness of 40 cm or if the house erected from warm ceramics, whether it is necessary to further insulate. Whether such an approach is justified?

It is important to understand that the concept of a warm house - very subjective. Someone wants to winter in the house was really hot, someone, if the room temperature drops below + 18 ° C, just wear a sweater, preferring to "Africa" ​​in the room cool air. Those. each person has their concept of warm and then - a comfortable house. But there is a basic definition, which will help us to identify a reference point in the construction of a warm stone house.

Energy efficient home - a house, in which all the heat loss through the building envelope and the level of energy consumption (compared to a conventional house) are minimized. To this end, erected a closed thermal circuit and cut off all the "cold bridges".

Cold bridges in the building stone are neteploizolirovannye structure from the external environment. It is, first of all, the foundation nadokonnye jumper Laying nets, The ends of slabs, etc.

During the construction of a stone house from small materials - brick, gas and foam, warm ceramics, as particular attention should be paid to masonry joints. Because in terms of total area of ​​the wall thickness of the totality of all the masonry joints becomes a powerful "bridge cold", which leads to heat loss. These heat losses increase even more if the brickwork (joints) is blown. That negates all the advantages of the so-called "Warm" wall materials - aerated concrete and large-format porous ceramic blocks., It is necessary to plaster to protect the masonry from blowing off.

One way to reduce heat loss through the masonry joints - modern method of aerated concrete masonry at mounting foam.

Erecting stone house, should not blindly increase the thickness of the walls, assuming that the width of half a meter masonry will certainly warm. It is necessary to take into account: climatic features in the living area, the duration of the heating season, the availability of a particular type of fuel, rising energy prices, And - in the long term, since maintain a comfortable temperature can be even in poorly insulated house, with large heat loss through the building envelope design. The only question is how many will have to pay for the operation of the heating system, generating heat in a house.

This article explains profitable to build energy-efficient house.

In addition to walls, ceilings, windows and doors for the "Energy Efficiency" in the house and still meet the HVAC system through which heat is also lost. The magnitude of the heat affects the shape and architecture of the house (the presence of protrusions, bay windows, etc.), the total area of ​​the building, the glass area, the location of the building on the site in relation to the north and south.

Gaser (Consultant section "Ventilation" on FORUMHOUSE):

If the above rules insulate the walls, but make inadequate insulation coating, the "cold box" and, for example, to mount "energoNEeffektivnuyu" natural ventilation system means - to spend money wasted. House - a system where everything has to be calculated and balanced.

Conclusion: The warm stone house - a combination of many factors, each of which should be considered individually.

Having considered the general principles of energy efficiencyAnswered questions related to the need for additional insulation of the walls of a stone house.

Single-layer wall or stone wall + additional insulation?

mfcn (FORUMHOUSE Moderator):

This is just one of the questions that has no unique solution. If we consider a single-layer construction of the walls, the low-rise building to its erection frequently used options from cellular concrete (including aerated concrete), polystyrene and arbolita. Brick and concrete hard it is advisable to insulate.

Choosing one or the other of the wall rock material with an eye on "Energy Efficiency", you need to know its properties. For example, to the type of ceramic material or concrete had good heat-shielding properties, it is necessary to make "air", porous. To this end, the porous material is added and fillers, the amount of "stone" decreases, respectively, in a material. This reduces the density of the material, so - and its strength and load bearing capacity.

mfcn:

As a result, either the material is selected with sufficient mechanical properties, which allows to solve the constructional and heat insulating problem, as, for example, concrete or ceramics warm. Or - tasks are divided among themselves. Those. for structural strength heavy wall meets the stone material, and heat-shielding function is provided due to the additional insulation.

Therefore it is impossible to say in advance that by building a house of aerated concrete density D400 of one unit thickness, we get we need a wall corresponding to both insulation and strength characteristics. The final decision is made based on the design and calculation of heating constructive at home, in relation to a particular region of residence. Also in the construction of stone houses should take into account such nuances.

Stone - heavy house - has a high thermal capacity. When it comes to the house of the usual bricks and other "cold" stone and concrete, it is economically justified, effective and correct decision would be his external warming.

That is, within us is the heat capacity of bearing the "skeleton" of the building, which is insulated and finished outside.

Economic efficiency of the insulation must be calculated after the correct calculation of the "pie" of structures, based on the climate, the prices of materials and energy prices. Alex MelnikovEkspert for construction

In my opinion, to make uniform the wall for the inhabitants of the northern latitudes of Russia is economically unprofitable. For the inhabitants of the southern and middle latitudes is easier and / or cheaper to build a thicker uniform outer wall enclosures, than to engage in additional warming.

For example, such modern construction-insulating porous wall materials as aerated concrete or warm ceramics. In addition, homogeneous walls are considered to be more durable than multi-layer structure, in which in case of violation construction technology and misuse insulation broken paroprozrachnost layers. This can lead to excessive vlagonakopleniyu inside the wall, its appearance on the inner surface of fungi and molds and reduced service life of the assembly.

Gaser:

There is a rule that the water vapor diffusion layer designs for heated premises should be increased from the inside out. This means that it is impossible to insulate outside vapor-permeable material (e.g., concrete) material which transmits virtually no steam.

When it comes to the walls of the conventional "heat insulating" materials, such as expanded clay and aerated concrete, ceramics and other warm "warm" materials, and then to achieve «More» heat capacity, and economically sound design thermal resistance is necessary to build a homogeneous wall. Also, the uniformity of the wall makes the construction simpler and more economical. As, for example, there is no need to involve mounting system "wet facade" well-trained and highly paid professionals. In addition, one should not think - there will have to eventually replace a heater, do major repairs, etc.

Those. the service life of similar load-bearing walls, while being insulated, equal durability of the whole structure.

In any case, we repeat - the decision whether further insulate the stone walls or warm, not accepted "by eye" and not on the principle of "doing everything well", and on the basis of the calculation is your home.

Alexei Melnikov (for the construction of an expert):

Consider the layered masonry wall protections of modern residential high-rise buildings. They are often built in the form of monolithic reinforced-concrete frames, with external decorative and protective layer of brickwork. There can not do without a heater, because they relyon the edge of the disc inserted floors, which are in no way insulated and, accordingly, are powerful cold bridges.

Those. to compensate for increased heat loss by thermo SNIP current (AC), it is necessary to increase the heat resistance of the walls. But to do this without the use of heaters - is unprofitable because will have to erect a thick wall, so - will increase load overlapping inner and decrease useful space in the building in relation to walls of different thicknesses one perimeter foundation.

Those. do, for example, homogeneous meter walls of brick, which will meet modern thermo-technical standards, of course, no one will. Using an external heater makes it possible to limit the thickness of the walls only by the requirements of their load-bearing capacity. At the same load-bearing walls serve as massive heat accumulators. Moreover, because they are isolated from the outer layer of insulation alternating negative influences (temperature changes), it will increase the potential service life of the structure.

Alexey Melnikov:

Importantly, the settlement insulation layer (e.g., a polystyrene foam having a relatively low water vapor permeability with respect to, for example, building blocks of aerated concrete) are desirable to take a reserve. This will lead to it (insulation) dew point and thereby avoid the possible risk moistening structure.

speaking of the most common types of insulationWhich are used for thermal insulation of a stone house from the outside, we can enumerate the following. This - mineral wool (depending on the density, can be used as an element of a plaster or ventilated facade), polystyrene (intended for facade insulation), such as so-called "wet facade". Less often, because of the high prices, used penostekolnye plate (it should be remembered that this is - paroneprozrachny material). There are also options for warming the stone house by type three-layer "Kolodeznaya masonry" with expanded clay backfill.

EXAMPLE simplified calculation teplotehnicheskogo

Through the walls of the house takes the heat out. Our task is to create a "barrier" which will prevent heat transfer from the room at a higher temperature (the room) into the environment at a lower temperature (in the street). Those. we must increase the thermal resistance of enclosing structures. This ratio (R) depending on the region measured in (m² * ° C) / W. That means how many watts of heat energy passes through 1 sq.m. wall temperature difference on the surfaces of 1 ° C.

Go ahead. Each material has a coefficient of thermal conductivity (λ) (material's ability to transfer energy from the warm part of the cooler) and is measured in W / (m * ° C). The smaller this ratio, the less heat transfer and thermal resistance of the wall above.

Note: the thermal conductivity is increased, if the material is waterlogged. An illustrative example - wet mineral wool insulation, which in this case loses its insulating properties.

Our task - to find out whether the wall of the stone material conditional baseline values ​​required R-value. To take a simplified example of Moscow and Moscow region. Required thermal resistance of walls normable value - 3.0 (m² * ° C) / W.

Note: for floors and coatings normable thermal resistance has other values.

The walls of the house conditional thickness of 38 cm constructed from a corpulent ceramic brick. Thermal conductivity coefficient of the material λ (take averaged value in a dry condition) - 0.56 W / (m * ° C). Masonry was carried out on a cement-sand mortar. To simplify the calculation, the heat loss through the masonry joints - "cold joints" - do not take into account, i.e. brick wall - conditionally homogeneous.

Now we count the value of the thermal resistance of the wall. To do this, we substitute the values ​​into the formula:

R = d / λ, where:

d - the thickness of the material;

λ - thermal conduction coefficient of the material.

Rf = 0.38 / 0.56 = 0.68 (m² * ° C) / W (rounded value).

Proceeding from this value, we determine a difference between the normative and actual heat transfer resistance (Rt):

Rt = Rl - Rf = 3.0 - 0.68 = 2.32 (m² * ° C) / W

Those. wall is not "hold out" to the desired rated value.

Now we find the required insulation thickness which compensates for this difference. As the insulation take styrofoam (foam) for facade insulation, followed by plastering, so-called "Wet front."

Thermal conductivity coefficient of the material in the dry state - 0.039 W / (m * ° C) (take averaged value). We put it in the following formula:

d = Rt * λ, where:

d - the thickness of the insulation;

Rt - resistance to heat;

λ - thermal conductivity of the insulation.

d = Rt * λ = 2.32 * 0.039 = 0.09 m

Transfers to see and get - 9 cm.

Conclusion: to insulate the wall and to bring up to the rated value of the thermal resistance, the insulation layer is required (in this simplified example, polystyrene) 90 mm thick.

If the "pie" wall includes multiple layers, in order to obtain the total value of the thermal resistance of the wall, it is necessary to summarize the performance of each layer.

In the subject FORUMHOUSE users of our portal can learn how to calculate the optimal thickness of insulation. We also offer you select the material for the walls of a stone house and get expert advice of our consultants the construction of a stone house.

Read about the unusual construction technology at home Tilt-Up and take part in discussion pie walls and the dew point.

Our video tells about personal experiences construction of a house from ceramics warm. Also see the video of that how to choose high-quality wood-concrete block.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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