Principles of design engineering services in a private home

Comfort of living in a country house depends on whether the operation of all engineering systems and communications - electricity, water, heating and drainage. Moreover, efficiency, durability and trouble-free operation "inzhenerki" depends on its competent design and quality installation.

In this article we will answer the following questions:

• How to start planning utilities.
• What I nuances in the house sewer, water and electrics need to pay attention in the first place.
• How constructive at home affects the features of the construction of communications.

Planning utilities

Construction experience shows that the engineering system - this is one of the most expensive components in a country house. Depending on the value of the selected equipment, its mode of installation and laying of communications options, the price of "inzhenerki" may be 25-40% of the total budget for the construction of the house. Therefore, any error made by another selection phase or laying of engineering systems in the future will lead to the need for rework and costly repairs.

Remember the most important rule: the selection and installation of engineering systems, a country house precedes the design phase, which begins with careful planning.

Compliance with this principle is to avoid mistakes. For example, if selected as the foundation monolithic plate, or based further on the tape base planned to do on the ground floor, you enter a place of communication in the house (water, sewage) must be designed in advance. Otherwise, after the erection of the box home will have to wrestle with how and where to enter the engineering networks, up to rework / foundation drilling or gouging holes in screed technical punch.

In the absence of sufficient funds, you can mount the engineering system gradually, stretching the process for a long time. but mortgages under water and sewer pipes, electrical (if planned underground input) channels, the openings in the foundation, walls and ceilings provided in advance. This will avoid the significant financial and labor costs in the future work of the installation "inzhenerki".

So, we decided that the project - it is the base of building engineering services. The question arises: how to plan everything? To answer should break their actions on a number of successive steps, moving from the general to the particular. So that nothing is forgotten, take a sheet of paper and write down what we need to do, namely:

• Determine where on the site will be home, located outbuildings, garage, as well as the well / borehole and septic tank, to determine the length of the supply lines with respect to existing or planned in the utilities building.
• Measurements of the distance from the pole, which supplied electricity to the house. If the distance exceeds 25 m, the need to install another one intermediate post, or, alternatively, can be administered to implement underground electric cables into the house.

• Depending on the area of ​​the house, the heat loss, the heating method, the draw-off points, the number of tenants and their preferences, pretends volume of water and energy.
• We calculate the expected load of all electrical consumers, since from these data dependent selection of cables and protective devices.
• We determine the place in the house, where he realized the installation of equipment.
• We expect both to lay line (open or closed manner in Stroebe), they will wind up in the room. How to carry out tunneling through walls and ceilings.
• If the installation is done on their own, choose the materials and equipment for the installation of engineering systems. Or, define their preferences, order the project in a specialized organization.

This is only general, the basic data on which to make a pre-project design engineering services. Any little thing matters. If you miss something out of sight, then subsequently, for example, having decided to make the landscape design or build economic construction, it turns out that at this point buried electric cables, water or septic installed with filtering field.

TCG (User FORUMHOUSE):

We need a comprehensive approach. Those.house designIncluding its architectural and structural component to be inextricably linked to utility networks. For example, I would not want to design a landscape designer a beautiful retaining wall was "spoiled" of a heating pipe or an underground cable power baths.

On this basis, proceeding to the planning and designing of engineering networks further, just think, what and where you plan to do. Those. "Inzhenerki" - this is a compromise between functionality, reliability of operation, aesthetics paved communications and reasonable sufficiency without overly complicating the system.

 Nuances of utilities

The starting point of designing of engineering networks - of priorities. Just make out one task, move on to the next, without trying to cover everything at once.

The first is based on what the proper functioning of a country house, it is - electricity and water. Those. needs a reliable source of water and electricity, and for their input and breeding consumers - the utilities. Moreover, electricity and water will be required for another stage of construction of the cottage.

Although you can build a vacation home, using a gasoline generator and imported water, but it complicates all construction work.

If electricity is supplied centrally from the energy company, is a reliable source of water in most cases - concern for the homeowner.

This article explains in detail, how to connect the electricity to the house.

The water can be extracted from the well or from the well. Moreover the well, depending on the depth of water-bearing strata and soil structures may be drilled "into the sand" or It is settling a full, but also the most expensive artesian or clogged in the house / shallow box budget "Abyssinian".

Therefore, once the initial, planirovochnom stage pretending to know where to find water, it will wind up in the house where the pumping equipment will be placed. For example, inside the house, in the utility room or boiler room. Or directly over the well arranged caisson with water inlet equipment, and have him running water is put into the house.

From our material you can learn about all especially water-based home artesian well.

Based on this information, as well as identifying where in the area the house is located, we can calculate the distance of the route from the point of abstraction to the point of entry into the house of the pipeline. Depending on the accommodation region and the depth of freezing ground (e.g., approximately 1.5 m MO), pretends the depth at which the pipe mounted so that it is not winter froze.

It is important to define the insertion point in advance. If the pipeline will pass under the slab foundation and out through its horizontal plane, must be provided (at the stage of foundation design) mortgage pipe. Similarly we act with recessed basement or foundation tape, with the only difference being that the line extends horizontally through the wall of the foundation.

Girfalko (FORUMHOUSE User):

During the construction phase of the foundation being laid all the basic communication. At the same time we remember about mortgages, which we may need in the future in the construction of other buildings.

Water better lay below the freezing depth, for example 1.7 m. The angle of the tube is unimportant, because water pump will pump.

Traditionally bottleneck input water supply to the house is sinking through the foundation. It is necessary to seal the space, and to do it so that the pipe is crushed with possible shifts / cake foundation.

As the passage of the sleeve can be used metal pipe, the inner diameter of which is 2 times larger than the outer diameter of the sewer pipe or tap. The sleeve pipe installed on both sides is sealed with water resistant, not subject to rotting material, the compensating structure possible shifts. For example, ropey - resin rope made of linen, jute or hemp.

Node such penetration demonstrates the following figure.

When soil pipe tab consider several factors. This - the depth of soil freezing, the form of a septic tank or a local sewage treatment plant, the amount of deviation in a portion away from home septic tank.

Recommended bias sewer pipe of 110 mm diameter is 2 cm to 1 meter.

With regard to the freezing of the sewer pipe, it is interesting the following opinion.

Andrew 203 (User FORUMHOUSE):

If the water pipe is always water which may freeze, the sewage water is present Only when flushed, and it does not freeze, because It goes into the septic tank, which is a waste recycling process with the release of heat.

Users of our portal is not advised to combine the input electric cable in the house (if the electricity is planned to underground methods) with water and sewer pipes. To enter the electric cable mount a separate mortgage tube that goes into the room where the electrical panel is mounted.

When designing electrocommunications can use the algorithm of the participant with the nickname of the portal IvanVA. So, take the plan of the premises and note on it, where and how much is expected of sockets, switches, lamps, etc. We mark the point with virtual arrangement of furniture. Otherwise, it may later prove that mounted socket closes sofa or wardrobe.

Also we count the number of remaining electrical load. It - boilers, pumps, street lighting bath or sauna, all the light bulbs, etc. After that, we draw a block diagram of electrical and expect total power consumption of all equipment. On the basis of this calculation you can choose the types and cable cross-sections and calculate the complete set of electrical switchboards. After that select the location for electrical switchboards, raspaechnyh boxes and cable trays. We mark them on the plane. Next, choose the equipment and look forward to the cable length. Then we acquire all necessary and responsible for the installation.

you can learn from this article, how to enter the electricity in the house and calculate the required cross-section of input cable.

Summarizing

Ideally, when designing engineering systems, need to be able to look at them as the eyes of the designer, the installer and the eyes, taking into account the material of which is built house - wood, concrete, brick, frame construction, etc. Since the properties of the material and constructive home directly affect the methods and complexity of laying engineering communications.

For example, concrete is easy Stroebe simple hand tools, and for laying the pipeline route or power in brick or warm ceramics have to use power tools.

Paving the communication lumber or log home, you need to take into account the shrinkage of the wood to the road, pipelines and cables do not pinch in 1-2 years. The frame house is convenient to hide the lines of communication for the interior decoration.

Constructive foundation of the house and also affects the way utilities installation. If there is a cellar, the sewers and running water can be carried out in it.

When building foundation weakly deepened (MZLF) water and sewer pipes laid under the base tape, provided that the soil does not subsiding. Further piping is put into the foundation perimeter lying vertically and passes through the overlap. When driving on a ground floor to maintain the continuity of steam and waterproofing layer we start it on the pipe to the thickness of the screed.

All of the above - it is only the introductory part related to laying and installation of engineering systems of a country house. Learn more possible, if we use the following information.

The topics on FORUMHOUSE can ask any question to our experts  on the subject of "Water" and "Electrical"As well as to understand the issue, how to breed drains in the house.

Also recommend that you read the article, connecting gas to house, how to make their own septic tank and mounted ventilation in wet areas.

And from these movies, you will learn how to carry out engineering services in the home-Garage, large stone cottage and monolithic house.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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