Warming of a private home. We are looking for a universal heater.

Threads with the selection and description of the features of a particular type of insulation are very popular on our website. These issues become more urgent, the higher the energy growth and the desire of homeowners to save on heating. FORUMHOUSE already talked about main types of modern heaters and that profitable to build energy-efficient house.

We offer a look at the nuances of a private house warming slightly different angle. To do this, consider the following questions:

• How to start the choice of insulation.
• What are the types of heaters.
• Is it possible to do without the use of a heater.
• Whether to use ekoutepliteli.
• What's missing from modern insulation.

Choosing insulation

Modern construction market offers a lot of options and types of heaters. Conventionally, they can be divided into artificial (man-made) and natural materials. By the artificial include: mineral (kamennaya- and glass wool) and polystyrene insulation (EPS or styrofoam, Epps - extruded polystyrene) foamed glass, sprayed polyurethane foam ecowool, concrete block, etc. The natural materials include insulation of sawdust, straw, moss, flax, hemp and other ekomaterialov.

So, there are plenty of heaters, and each kind of insulation you can write a separate article. An illustrative example - features expanded clay house insulation.

To determine the type of insulation, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters: thermal conductivity, hygroscopicity, density, flammability class, environmental friendliness, durability. You also need to understand in advance what and how you are going to insulate. Those. - select the scope of the insulation. To do this, we ask ourselves the question, in which constructive node home to work the heater. For example, the materials that are used in the construction and insulation of the foundation (such as UWB) and manufacture of insulated pavings, those. working the soil, in aggressive environments, certain requirements imposed. It - nonsusceptibility vlagonakopleniyu, decay, high compressive strength, thermal efficiency, durability.

When selecting insulation for the walls need to take into account the water vapor permeability of the material, ie, whether couples get out of home outside or insulation "will lock" it in a design that will lead to vlagonakopleniyu and waterlogging. This can happen if paroneprozrachny a heater mounted outside the house and broken a rule: in multilayer structures paroprozrachnost layers increases from the inside out.

Also not forget about the matter density (kg / m3), ease of installation in confined spaces (e.g., with insulation roof complicated shape) neslozhivaemost insulation, environmental friendliness and nonsusceptibility combustion.

You also need to pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the insulation. Moreover, it should be taken into account for the material in a dry state, and the normal operation mode, in which the heater is "fed" with moisture, which will adversely affect its thermal insulation properties.

For clarity, the average values ​​are summarized in the following table.

After reading the numbers unprepared builder might ask whether there is a universal (ideal) insulation, which can insulate all the construction of the house, rather than rack their brains over the choice and study the technical features of the different types of materials?

Alexei Melnikov (for the construction of the expert)

Each of the available types of heaters have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, not so long ago, I thought of a heater for their baths, which at the same time would like to have the combination of high water vapor diffusion resistance (low water vapor permeability) and with simultaneous incombustibility flexibility. At the same time, I would like to have a democratic price tag. Unfortunately, such materials do not exist, therefore, have to make compromises.

The most common types of heaters

Consider the features of the main types of heaters.

• Of rigid insulation, i.e. supplied in the form of plates (blocks) has the most balanced properties foamed glass. In this material, high thermal, biological, and chemical resistance combined with a closed porosity. It also gives us a relatively high resistance to natural factors (water, wind and solar radiation). Inorganic (mineral) base makes it nonflammable, and at the same time can guarantee (of course, with the right designing, installing and operating) preservation of its performance in the entire period of operation of the building structure (50-100 years). Obstacle to widespread cellular glass in cottage construction is its high price. In addition, foam glass - paroneprozrachny material.

• Different types of foams: polystyrene and polyurethane. PPP - inexpensive, it is often used by developers. Polyurethane foam also has a high cost, so do not use often, mainly - in the form of a sprayed (with special equipment).

From our material can be found all of spraying polyurethane foam technology.

The major (perhaps even the only) drawback of the foams is their combustibility (under certain conditions) and limited thermal stability. In case of fire in the first place, burn home furnishings (furniture, curtains, etc.). Therefore it is necessary beforehand to take measures to protect the foam board (if it is used for internal insulation) from the open flame. For this purpose, the foam should be closed layer of concrete or plaster. It is better if the PPP is used for external insulation. In this case, it must also be closed by a non-combustible material (concrete, plaster), and not used as an element of a ventilated facade!

• In some situations (especially in low-rise housing) is necessary to insulate the frame structure where instead of rigidity, more technological options elastic heaters mounted vraspor. There is certainly the most widespread mineral wool on the basis of stone (basalt) or glass fibers. This is not surprising, since This material combines high mounting workability (no special experience and special professional tools) with a flame retardant (including fire resistance) and low production cost.

When using mineral wool insulation measures should be taken to prevent the ingress of moisture. If water in the insulation, "pie" carcass structure and paroprozrachnost layers must provide an output excess moisture outwardly. Why, for example, must be used properly steam and waterproofing membranes and films.

Our article tells about the right cake framing walls and nuances of a vapor barrier installation.

Is it possible to do without the use of a heater

Under certain conditions, depending on the region of residence, it is possible to do without the use of traditional heaters. For this elevated Monolayer, "warm" wall, for example, aerated concrete advising thickness. Or is a two-layer masonry, where: interior walls are built of aerated concrete high density and strength, and outer - blocks of low density, low thermal conductivity (such function blocks operate insulation). Justification for this design is determined thermo-calculation and economic feasibility.

Choosing one or another way of warming, we must be guided by the precise calculation for a particular home, wall materials, region of residence, taking into account local climatic features. In other words, we should not strive for excessive warming and increase the thickness of the insulation in the walls, if it's not cost-effective. In many cases it is better to invest in high-quality windows, doors and ventilation system with heat recuperator, ie - to strike a balance of heat loss in the house.

From our article of DIY can learn how to make an efficient air heat exchanger.

The methods described above - is not the only option of warming.

Alexey Melnikov (Expert for construction)

To a lesser extent, are now common techniques such insulation, as flood (screed type of solution polystyrene) and Sediment options (expanded clay gravel, grit penostekolnaya bout culling aerated blocks and the like). Because they are, in my opinion, are more suitable as an additional soundproofing horizontal structures.

44alex (User FORUMHOUSE)

I would choose the perlite to overlap and filling the stone walls, but not under the floor on the ground, as it is - an excellent material in terms of price / thermal conductivity / flammability / ecology / durability.

Recently, also gaining popularity zaduvnye options heaters. Type of pulp fiber (so-called ecowool) or a mineral analogue. according to AlexeiMelnikova, These materials are useful for thermal insulation of hard to reach places.

Two sided with the prefix "eco"

You should also select materials based on natural fibers (flax, sea grasses), are now promoted by the ideology of eco-construction. Because of the limited choice and weighty price tag, these materials are not widely spread.

Among the main disadvantages of natural heaters are often called are: shrinkage, it is unknown how they will behave in the long term, exposure to rodents. Is it so?

Russian (User FORUMHOUSE)

Suddenly came the following experiment: in the summer of flax laid nekonditsiyu heater in the corner, a pile height of 1.5 meters. In winter, water pipes leaked, which took place nearby. Noticed it only in the summer, that is, a lower layer of insulation spent a minimum of 6 months in water. And here are the results:

• Y insulation thickness of 5 cm at a pressure of upper layers sat only 1 cm.
• Collected water heater went dark, and he was left to dry overnight. The next morning insulation regained their shape, ie, again the thickness is 5 cm.
• Breaking load is also not changed.

Why does insulation linen after drying hardly changed? Structure linseed heater fixed submelting Dacron fibers. Change the structure only on heating at 160-190 ° C or fracture flax. A flax, as is known, is still used in the sanitary field, when sealing water pipes.

In addition, overseas extensive experience using this heater. Mice do not eat insulation, they are paving the passages in it, and make their dwellings. To avoid this, apply the appropriate measures - in the form of the installation fine-mesh steel mesh, etc.

SCM (User FORUMHOUSE)

I believe that the use of sawdust - very eco-friendly way of warming. Main -soblyudat technology. Absorb sawdust better layers with careful compaction layer of each handle of the shovel.

In this case, as in the manufacture of industrial heaters, and "people", there are pluses and minuses. For example, "commercial" insulation - this is the finished product, with known properties and a particular installation technology, observing that, you can be confident in the outcome. Ekoutepliteli - more experiment, at the lowest possible value (e.g., sawdust) during installation will sweat. The very construction can be stretched in time. Again, it is impossible to guarantee 100% final result, since we have yet gained little experience with the use of such materials in different climatic zones.

Based on the above we can conclude that each heater has a right to life. All depends on its use, the prevalence of a particular type of material in a particular location, its price, thermal characteristics, etc. Hence: selecting a heater, in the first place, it is necessary to build on the economic calculation and feasibility of its use in the long term term.

You should also ask yourself the question: "Where am I going to use a heater for what I need, what kind of design you need to warm?". Puzzled by this question, you will get an answer - what should be the heater specifically for your case.

Is there a universal heater

If the dream and imagine a "perfect" insulation, with a set of universal properties, it will be material, the characteristics of which must flexibly vary depending on operating conditions. In one situation, a heater need strength, high density, rigidity, a clear geometry, increased moisture resistance. The other conditions of the insulation required paroprozrachnost, low density (hence, it will not work "in the ground"), workability in tight spaces, flexibility, good ecology. With all of this - affordable price to the masses. It turns out - mutually exclusive requirements. So it is hardly worth chasing some special materials.

FORUMHOUSE can be found at on thermal insulating materials made of mineral wool. It also discusses in detail the issues related to thermal insulation method spray foam. Read about how to build energy-efficient houseHow to make economic calculation warming house.

All developers will be helpful to read the article about seven major construction errors. Of our movies, you'll learn that is energy-passive houseand how to build energy-efficient house.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the website FORUMHOUSE.

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