Features installation of electrical wiring in buildings of various construction materials

Features installation of electrical wiring is directly dependent on the characteristics of building materials, of which the building is constructed. And this is connected with the fact that every building material has a degree of fire risk. In this article we will look at this relationship, building on the existing rules of the device electrical (7 edition of the SAE, actualized 12.2.2016) and on the practical experience of users our portal.

harness layout rules

Location of cable lines in the room is subject to certain rules:

• indoor wiring must be routed in accordance with a strictly horizontal or strictly vertical lines, wherein rotation of the cable tray is possible only by 90 ° (diagonal creation of various related savings conductors - unacceptable);
• horizontal wiring areas should lie at a distance of 10... 15 cm from the ceiling;
• vertical wiring portions must be separated from the door and window openings at a distance of at least 10 cm.

wiring types

In modern buildings made to mount the wiring of two types: open and hidden. Concealed wiring laid into cavities of building structures or the inside wall (in the channels made by shtrobleniya, drilling and t. D.).

Wiring open laid directly on the wall surface. The wires at the same time or are attached to special detention centers, or fit into a standard cable channels.

Choosing the type of wiring when building a house, you should not be guided by their own preferences, as a basis must be taken exclusively SNIP, GOST and PUE.

Less likely to occur questions from "self-taught builders" if the wiring is installed on the walls of non-flammable building materials. To begin, let's talk specifically about such cases.

Wiring for building structures of non-combustible materials

Modern rules allow SEP to use the premises wiring and cables with copper conductors only (p. 7.1.34.).

If the room has walls and ceilings of noncombustible materials (concrete, bricks, blocks Aerated, keramobloki, gypsum boards and GWP t. q.), then it is expedient to mount the wiring hidden type. Firstly, it is aesthetically pleasing, and secondly, it is safe in terms of accidental mechanical damage and, thirdly, the rules of the SAE (p. 01.07.37) it is allowed to install the wiring hidden in the walls of the type of non-combustible materials.

In this case we are talking about homes. Attics, cellars (especially in unheated) and technical purposes smokers recommended open wiring.

PUE Rules read as follows: if the building structure is made of non-combustible material, then it is allowed blaze rendered monolithic irremovable wiring, using technology channels, grooves and emptiness. Thus as the wire is sufficient to use insulated cables or wires in a protective sheath (e.g., cables VVG). In this case, the wiring is performed without the use of metal tubes, protecting the corrugations and other additional elements.

If the dirty grout wall is planned subsequently, by shtroblenie walls under the wiring, as a rule, do not have to resort.

Wagon 2010 (Member FORUMHOUSE):

When building a new home before the plaster works, it is advisable to carry out the wiring. Pre nice to get TU (specifications) in the power supply organization and draw to yourself (and to pass the same power company) power supply single-line diagram. Stroebe brick wall as possible, but not necessary. Get VVG can be wall mounted dowel-nail and fixing it with plastic cable clamp type coupler (sold in packs of TVS). By the way, it turns out that the wiring acts on the wall of no more than 4-5 millimeters, and plaster completely covers the wiring, even if economically plaster Special plaster (mixtures).

Of course, a niche under the sockets and switches will still have to be created in the wall itself. But dust, and physical work in this case will be much less than in the ubiquitous shtroblenie walls.

As for the power supply circuit: it must be available at any self-respecting host. After all, in the future she would need. Driving need at least to ensure that during the repair of the premises does not get a drill in the wire connected to the electricity.

If you pave the wiring on the walls, which do not plan to grout in the future, shtrobleniya in this case can not be avoided. Also have to Stroebe walls, if in the process of capital repair is replacing the old wiring and remove the old plaster layer is not necessary.

Whether or not to create horizontal Stroebe? Can I Stroebe bearing walls and concrete floors? The unequivocal answer to these questions among professional builders do not exist. Of course, from the point of view of the theory of man-made materials resistance furrows can significantly weaken the strength constructions (similar to how thin an incision weakens the strong stekloreza glass). However, the rules of the SAE (p. 7.1.37) allow laying of electrical networks in the furrows (Stroebe in) walls, partitions and ceilings. The main thing - do not overdo it with the depth Stroebe and its width.

Kostya Ivanov (Member FORUMHOUSE):

Make one big indent in order to fit all the cables. If the lines are different, then the distance between them does not standardized. Indent shall be such that the cable it came in and did not interfere with plaster. Other rules is not here.

In this case, the maximum should be used existing technology voids (eg, overlapping plates).

The cutting grooves in sleeves of steel, in special trays and technological channels allowed joint laying cables and wires belonging to different lines (except vzaimorezerviruemyh conductors).

Wiring for building structures made of flammable material

A lot of questions concerning the installation of electrical wiring regulations, occurs in people who start their own electrify the premises of combustible building materials. We are basically talking about the frame and wooden houses. Answers to most questions can be found in all of the same rules of the SAE.

The construction of houses made of combustible building materials allows you to mount the wiring of both types of (covert and overt). Which one to use - depending on the homeowner's preferences. With regard to the security features that protect the wiring from damage, and the building of the fire due to short circuit, their choice depends on the type of cable routing.

There are two ways of laying open wiring in the room:

• Installation of retro-wiring.
• Laying of wires in the cable channels.

Installation of retro-wiring

How retro wiring design conforms to the rules of the SAE - a moot point. In this Regulation the creation of this type of wiring is not even considered. Nevertheless, let's try to understand this question.

FDRA (Member FORUMHOUSE):

SAE gasket permits open cable sheath, flame retardant (e.g., VVGng) directly on the walls of combustible material. But in any case, not hidden. There should be a visual inspection.

In the case of retro-wired special twisted cable ( "retro") is mounted directly on the wall, to which is attached via small insulators. Given that such a conductor is coated with rayon, impregnated composition nonflammable, it can be referred to a class of wires, flame-retardant. Therefore, the installation of retro-wiring on the walls of combustible materials does not violate the rules of the SAE.

In accordance with rules SEP distance from the conductor to the surface of the combustible material should be at least 10 mm, which is provided for the design of insulators retro wiring.

The distances between the various elements of retro wiring shown in the figure.

If the wire is much slack, the distance between the insulator can be reduced to 50 cm.

Mounting a retro-wiring, please note one important caveat: most modern electrical appliances should be required to be connected to the grounding circuit. For this reason, as part of the wiring, use a three-wire cable (if that is not commercially available, it is expedient to weave their own).

The field wiring passing through the wall or ceiling of combustible materials (e.g., wood) cable (wire) must be installed in a metal pipe having localization ability. The ends of the tubes must be repaired nonflammable composition (e.g., the flame-retardant component foam).

Localization ability of the pipe - this quality, to withstand short-circuit in the wiring without causing the walls of the pipe itself. In order to have this ability tube, its wall thickness must be defined:

• for copper conductors of up to 2.5 mm² wall thickness is not standardized;
• for copper conductors section 4 mm² pipe should have a wall thickness of not less than 2.8 mm;
• for copper conductors section 6-10 mm² pipe should have a wall thickness of not less than 3.2 mm.

Open wiring in cable ducts

If open wiring is laid in cable ducts and electrical baseboards, in should be used as conductors cables (wires) with a high resistance to fire (or VVGng NYM). In this case, the material of cable channels must also prevent the spread of fire.

Alexey S. (Member FORUMHOUSE):

I did open the wiring wires in NYM cable channels under the tree - Czech (with certificate). Incombustible (or right - self-extinguishing). Sam checked: the presentation to start a flame to char and a little melted. If you remove the fire, the process is terminated immediately.

Enclosures when mounted on the wall of the combustible material should be fireproof lining (for example, of asbestos cement or gypsum building solution) 10 mm thick. In the places where the wiring structure through the combustible metal sleeve with localization capability must be installed.

Concealed wiring in the walls made of flammable material

Features gasket flush to walls made of flammable materials (eg wood) are reduced to the fact that the wiring in cavities of walls and partitions should be run in metal pipes, having the ability to localization (PUE rules 7.1.38.).

Rule one, and with respect to its implementation of any indulgences can not be. All other options (the use of a plastic bellows, metal hoses and other safety elements) It should be deliberately excluded, because they are from the point of view of fire safety unacceptable.

I.K. (Member FORUMHOUSE):

If you approach strictly on PUE, then the hidden laying on combustible structures can not lay metal hose. The key phrase in p.7.1.38 "in metal pipes, having the ability to localization." Metallorukav not have this ability. Therefore outlawed.

When laying wires and cables on combustible structures (or inside) should in all cases be possible to replace the conductors.

Incidentally, electrical wiring, stretch on joists, is the most convenient way to flush arrangement smokers of combustible materials. Grooves in sockets and switches in this case will simply go down to the main highways.

When laying pipes, and ducts a wiring process in voids combustible structural ducts and pipe ends should be closed quickly removes non-combustible material (e.g., component foam).

In order for the installation replaceable wiring in metal pipes could create a sufficient number of turns in the corners of the track should be used electric terminal boxes. Access to these elements must always remain open.

Internal pipe diameter should be selected so that the cable is laid inside occupy no more than 40% of the free space. This rule applies to all protective elements (cable channels, corrugations, trays and the like. D.).

Immediately it should be noted that the creation of hidden wiring in rooms with wooden walls - a laborious process. After all channels for wiring will have to equip their own. The space for the pipes should be released by drilling, grooving and creating recesses.

Vertical channels in the walls should be drilled during installation of the framework. In this case, the horizontal holes are cut after the wall will be ready. To cable was convenient stretching through pipes, in their inner lumen kindly laying auxiliary cable for pulling (conductor).

Cabling for plasterboard, for suspended ceilings

Laying flush within the frame walls, under the skin of drywall or plastic, as well as various types of ceiling construction is regulated by the set of rules of the joint venture 31-110-2003 (n. 14.15) and SAE regulations (n. 7.1.38.). In accordance with these regulations, internal wiring may be mounted in two ways:

• If the partition walls of the base or cladding made of combustible material, the conductors (e.g., marks VVG) should be placed in metal pipes, having the ability to localization, or in closed boxes.
• If building constructions made of noncombustible material, the wiring must consist of wires (cables), flame-retardant (E.g., VVGng), thus it should be mechanically protect combustible nonmetallic boxes or tubes (e.g., corrugated self-extinguishing tube).

In both cases, the wiring must be replaceable.

If the wiring is installed under the skin of drywall and carrier profile is almost flat against the wall, then it is advisable to lay wires in Stroebe done in the wall or plaster.

Korector (Member FORUMHOUSE):

I would not perforate the profile, you need to leave room for the wires between the profile and the wall or Stroebe wall - if there is no other way.

Paving conductors under ceilings under gypsum or plastic surfaces, as well as inside the frame partitions should follow the general rules of wiring installation combustible or incombustible building structures (represented in the previous sections of the article).

Wiring under the floor

Installation of electrical wiring under the floor - the perfect way to create a hidden cabling, without resorting to horizontal shtroblenie walls. Cable (main wire) in this case supplied directly to the outlet location, switches and junction boxes.

A method of creating a floor wiring depends on the material from which it is planned to do the floors. In general, it is necessary to focus on the already known to us the SAE rules.

sergey_sav (Member FORUMHOUSE):

In the cavities of building structures - read SP31-110-2003 n. 14.15 or equivalent - SAE claim 7. 7.1.38. That is, if there is something in the structure will be fuel (logs, for example), then a direct path to a hollow metal ducts and pipes.

If the wiring is installed in the lower layers of the cement floor, then laying it fairly simple protective sleeve. Of course, inside the cable ties can be run entirely without corrugations, but replace the wiring, without resorting to the destruction of the floor covering, in this case, will not work. Incidentally, the complexity of the repair and replacement of cables (wires) is the only significant drawback outdoor wiring, and it must be taken into account when determining the type of electrical wiring.

So, we introduced you to the basic installation of the internal wiring in ways that depend on the characteristics of building materials in the room. For more details check out about the experience of laying cables in various building structures you can in the appropriate section of our portal. On the additional features wiring of the walls, floor and ceiling you can learn from the corresponding video. And article for the Protection of consumer electronics from sudden power surges will be interesting to anyone who does not want to one day be faced with the unpleasant consequences of such problems.

Discuss the article and read other materials devoted to country life you can on the websiteFORUMHOUSE.

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