Sewerage system in the country - homemade septic tanks as an alternative to ready-VOC

Rare holiday village or even a partnership of Moscow boasts the presence of the main water and sanitation, it is necessary to acquire their own basically the same owners of suburban real estate amenities. And in order not to poison his own waste of life environment, including aquifers, wastewater treatment system has long outgrown the simple pit latrines, becoming more sophisticated design. Available many different treatment plants and plants for the purification of waste water from mechanical impurities, but their effectiveness throughout a substantial drawback is the cost of solid. Therefore, for many people the best option privates are improvised device is popular among craftsmen FORUMHOUSE. Consider what a septic tank, the existing sanitary norms, parameters selection systems and the most popular varieties.

Scheme of the septic tank

Septic - is one of the elements of an integrated battery (individual) systems treatment of domestic sewage, for the collection, purification and sedimentation effluent. Accumulation and settling occurs in the hermetic vessel (when multiple cameras), or containers, from sedimentation runoff ends up in the filter well or field soil filtration (underground, overground). The law prohibits dumping even defend and effluent from a septic tank on open land areas. The system must include auditing / clean out wells and ventilation risers fanovy riser is displayed on the level of the roof to prevent the possibility of occurrence of characteristic odor. Sediment periodically cleaned from the machine assenizatorskaya precipitation when properly selected volume septic tank, this procedure even if the permanent residence in the house requires not more than once a year, and even a few years old.

Sanitary and building codes and standards governing the location, design and construction of septic tanks

Until recently, the main regulatory documents relating to septic tanks and stations of biological protection, and building codes were SanPiNs developed at the end of the last century and the beginning of this:

• SNIP 2.04.03-85 number (recommendatory), SP 32.13330.2012 (the current norm) - Organization of external parameters of sewage networks and facilities.
• SNIP SNIP 2.04.04-84 and 2.04.01-85 - parameters of the organization of internal and external water supply (for most city all water from the well and the well, and some of the overlap with rules of the organization septic tanks).
• SanPiN2.1.5.980-00 - protection of surface waters.
• SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 - septic tanks listed as environmentally dangerous objects, the set of rules governs the creation of buffer zones around.

Last year, it adopted a new standard for the organization of an autonomous sewer to a septic tank and soil (underground) filtration of wastewater - STO NOSTROY 2.17.176-2015. Now it is the main document, which contains the rules for design and installation, as well as the requirements for the results of the work.

For the location of treatment facilities relative to other facilities in the area, the following rules:

• Between the septic tank and the house - 5 meters.
• Between the septic tank and water intake (well, well) - a minimum of 20 meters, if between the aquifer and the filter field is no connection through the soil with a high filtration efficiency, from 50 to 80 meters, if the interval loamy sand or loam soil.
• In the septic tank and the curb - 5 meters.
• In the septic tank and the edge portion - 4 meters.
• In the septic tank and trees - 3 meters (up to 1 meter shrubs).
• In the septic tank and pond with flowing water (stream, river) - 10 meters.
• Between the septic tank and standing waters (lake, pond) - 30 meters.
• In the septic tank, and underground gas manifold - 5 meters.

The main working characteristics of the septic tank, which will depend on the performance of his work, the efficiency of wastewater treatment and the frequency of pumping is the volume. It is calculated based on the number of households, the daily rate of consumption and throughput capacity of facilities. According to the sanitary norms one person consumes 200 liters (0.2 mᶟ) per day. Bandwidth - this capacity sump with three-day reserve, plus a small increase in the sediment. To work properly, septic tank for a family of four needs some amount of 2.7 mᶟ (0,2x4x3 + 0,3 = 2,7). Calculated volume of all chambers, but from the bottom to the level of the overflow pipe. To err, should be added to the salvo reset or visit family and do a little more than the amount of the settlement, as advised by a super-forum moderator of our portal.

Vadim (spb) (Moderators FORUMHOUSE):

For four people enough three cubes.

selection Options

If the location of individual treatment facilities regulated by the regulations, and the volume is selected depending on the amount of waste, then what kind of will septic tank system apparatus and method of organization of soil filtration depends primarily on the groundwater level (GWL) and bandwidth (filter) capacity ground. At low GWL allowed virtually any, composite or monolithic structure. But if the soil poor throughput (clay soil), it is necessary to increase the area filtration field, the length of the tunnel or drain filtration cushion layer under filtration the well.

If the groundwater level is high, it is permissible to use only monolithic septic tanks (RC, plastic containers) with multiple cameras and an additional sealed storage. From the storage unit by the float spaced drain pump drains will act on the bulk filter box (apply tape and tunnel infiltrators). Underground filtration directly from the septic tank in a situation with shallow vadose unacceptable.

Ladomir (FORUMHOUSE Moderator):

It is necessary that the distance from the bottom of the filter facilities to groundwater was less than a meter.

Popular varieties of homemade septic tanks

Among the participants of our portal the most in demand are three varieties of homemade:

• Of concrete rings;
• Monolith;
• Plastic (of cubic containers).
  

The design of the septic tank of concrete rings

When allowing GWL, most members of the forum give preference to the concrete rings, of which usually collected two sealed chambers and the filter well, interconnected overflow pipes. To obtain maximum nepronitsaeaya design with slotted ring selected compound, they are not only resistant to the possible displacements of the soil, but also to achieve the tightness of the joint easier. Use outer and inner primers, waterproofing bituminous or solutions based on the DSP with the addition of waterglass. There are two options for the location of the cameras - sequential and combined.

In the first sedimentation tanks arranged one after the other, and FC at a small distance, each with its own neck and revision cover. Optimum septic tank of an apparatus of this type has been developed in a forum topics participant with the nickname MatrasMSA with the help of a moderator Ladomira.

Ladomir (FORUMHOUSE Moderator)

It is necessary that the distance from the bottom of the filter facilities to groundwater was less than a meter.

Popular varieties of homemade septic tanks

Among the participants of our portal the most in demand are three varieties of homemade:

• Of concrete rings;
• Monolith;
• Plastic (of cubic containers).

The design of the septic tank of concrete rings

When allowing GWL, most members of the forum give preference to the concrete rings, of which usually collected two sealed chambers and the filter well, interconnected overflow pipes. To get the most impermeable construction with the slotted ring selected compound, they are not only resistant to the possible displacements of the soil, but also to achieve the tightness of the joint easier. Use outer and inner primers, waterproofing bituminous or solutions based on the DSP with the addition of waterglass. There are two options for the location of the cameras - sequential and combined.

In the first sedimentation tanks arranged one after the other, and FC at a small distance, each with its own neck and revision cover. Optimum septic tank of an apparatus of this type has been developed in a forum topics participant with the nickname MatrasMSA with the help of a moderator Ladomira.

MatrasMSA (User FORUMHOUSE):

The plot is 40x60 meters with a slope of, is now being built sauna / guest house, home to three people arrivals on weekends and sometimes the guests, will continue to be a home for permanent residence. GWL is low, difficult to get to the water well of 88 meters, according to neighbors, loam soil. Septic plan is as follows: the first and second well by three rings (diameter 1.5 m) from the bottom of the concrete, the third well of the same, but the bottom of the ground.

In the course of discussion, the following standard recommendations for the device have been given:

• On the socket part of the septic tank dresses straight tee, the lower part dug into drains 15-30 cm, similar to the effluent.
• Out septic 5-10 cm lower than the entrance to it, measured along the bottom tray pipes.
• The overflow between the chambers is at a depth of 0.4 m from the height of the column effluent in septic tanks.
• Height effluent in a septic tank - the distance from the bottom to the bottom tray leaving the septic tank pipe.
• Pipe entering the filter well, it is not necessary to equip the tee, it is displayed in a way that drains into the center of FC.
• Under the filter well is gravel / macadam podsypku thickness of 0.3-0.5 m and a dusting on the sides, a layer of up to 0.2 m.

Taking into account all adjustments and recommendations appeared septic scheme almost ready draft design of a dual-chamber device with a filter of a well reinforced concrete rings.

Combined septic tank (design A. Egorisheva) is compact, due to the location of septic tanks and FC triangle and is suitable for small areas. All wells are closed blind covers, which are cut holes audit, on top set common neck (serving well), fanovy riser output through the cover serving well. To prevent differences between the sump at the bottom of the pit poured a concrete slab with a hole for FC, under the slab is filled with drainage bag (filter cartridge) of the ASG, 10 cm thick, a double layer of geotextile.

On our portal the scheme proposed craftsman with the nickname s_e_s_h, Laying out the design and construction of a similar process in his theme back in 2009, "live" and to this day, that proves the relevance of systems of this principle of action.

s_e_s_h (User FORUMHOUSE):

to a septic tank requirements, taking into account the specifications and needs of the family, were as follows:

Good cleaning of waste water at the outlet of the septic tank.

The volume is sufficient for permanent residence in the house 3-4 persons (bath, shower, 3 sinks, washing machine and dishwasher, 2 toilets).

Winter operation.

Robust design with easy maintenance of the septic tank and underwater communications.

Final neat and unobtrusive appearance.

The lowest possible expense.

The result was invented saving design without compromising functionality.

However, both options are only suitable for areas with low water table, with a high groundwater table however insulating wells, there is a danger of flooding of perched water and land pollution waste waters.

The work of reinforced concrete septic tank

Monolithic reinforced concrete septic tanks also can be used at any level, will only vary the location of the filtration facilities. Allow difficulty digging excavation difficult, but possible.

researcher (User FORUMHOUSE):

Pit to quickly rummages tractor, one hand on the shovel dug wider and deeper in the half a meter, than the bottom of the main pit at the septic tank (pit seems), to set the normal drainage pump. All the water from the main excavation safely migrate to the pit and from there is pumped and poured over 25-30 meters. At the time of work in the excavation, filling and handling of hardened concrete hydrophobizing this decision is just enough.

Otherwise, the process model - shuttering, reinforcement cage, fill with the addition of modifier solution, hydro (internal and external). Monolithic structure selected party portal at low GWL Rybnik.

Rybnik (User FORUMHOUSE):

From the base to pivot the well (PC) - 1,4 m, the PC itself has dimensions of 1x1 m, from PCs to septic trench and a length of 7.5 m, a width of 40 cm and a depth of 1 m. The pipe enters a septic tank at a depth of 85 cm from the surface (with the slope 2cm 1 meter). Also in septic tank and enters the second tube (from the house). Further, the septic tank of the clarified water outlet pipe, which will be 23 m along the fence and enter the dimensions of the filter well 1,5h1,5h4 m.

Used for reinforcing cage rods 8 mm in diameter, of which the bend limiters (frogs), for pouring cement M500 (Designed including concreting underwater structures in fresh medium), a special additive, reduces permeability concrete. As formwork sheets flat slate. Details of the process and phased photo report - Topic a classic septic tank made of reinforced concrete.

How does a septic tank of cubic containers

 Another common type of septic tanks - of cubic containers. The operating principle of this model, as in previous designs, but the camera is not of the rings or a monolith, and of plastic containers, post-treatment via FC, field filtration or filtration trench.

For warming plate designs use Epps, input and output pipes are sealed by means of special sleeves or seals for septic tanks. In order not to crush the plastic ground and cub not surfaced (with a high groundwater table), make a concrete sarcophagus.

Vadim (spb)(Moderators FORUMHOUSE):

A thickness of about 15 cm of concrete should be enough, as the reinforcement is quite suitable formwork (metal lath) cubic containers. Only the tank should be filled with water to not crumpled when pouring. Sprinkle sand - thus also the load is reduced. If a concrete slab under cube withdraw the valve, the walls by pouring it will bind to it and will not go anywhere.

Embodiments of septic device coffins cubic containers with and without - in profile topic on the forum.

With proper calculations and compliance circuit, the efficiency of wastewater treatment in makeshift devices not inferior factory designs. At low GWL cheaper to make your own septic tank, and with a high groundwater table is better to buy ready-sealed product.

Finally, to help determine the choice of members of our portal and experts in the subject "How do you know what to do sewer?". The topic an autonomous sewer systems - information on the regulatory documents, the scheme of treatment with different groundwater occurrence and helpful videos. Our other topics to help mount aerobic septic tankand find out whether it is possible add in a septic tank bacteria. article Collective wastewater treatment systems It describes the advantages and disadvantages of sewage "at three." In the video - expert recommendations at the choice of sewer pipes.