Floors: main types of floors

One of the major structural components of any building is the floor system - not finishing decorative coating, and the whole "pie" consisting of several layers. There are several types of ceilings differing raw materials, manufacturing method, and characteristics. Everyone is faced with construction or reconstruction of the capital, makes the choice in favor of one of the systems, based on their capabilities, preferences, and building parameters. Conveniently, some designs require the simultaneous creation of floor heating circuit - the sole or supplementary. Consider the main floor of the system, demand among users of the portal FORUMHOUSE:

• Ground floor
• Floors on logs
• floors of RC slabs

The floors on the ground

Solid ceiling - a multi-layer structure, have staged directly on the ground inside the perimeter of the foundation, a kind of concrete screed.

The system consists of the following layers:

compacted soil - depending on the level ground pour or, alternatively, remove extra centimeters. The more thoroughly compacted and leveled the surface, the stronger and more reliable will be the tie.

bedding - the most commonly used sand. If the height of the "pie" requires a thick layer, it is recommended filling in several approaches the rammer each layer (10-15 cm). To maximize the seal and podsypku soil, sand is poured over the layer of crushed stone and compacted coarse fraction. It is also possible to use instead of the individual layers of sand and gravel total ASG layer tamping is required regardless of the type of filling. Vibrating plate, in several approaches to change of direction - the best one on the ground floor.

rough screed - a layer of concrete of a few centimeters without reinforcement. Relevant when a power ground water and to create in-depth structures - in basements, ground floor. Above the tie is welded bituminous waterproofing and sealing surface requires a smooth, rigid base. If it is on conventional floors on the ground and there are no problems with waterlogging, do without this layer.

waterproofing - cuts off the moisture that will come from the bottom, use different materials, but most cases this thick film (150 microns), overlapped with a margin (15-20 cm) in one or two layer. Places joints are glued with adhesive tape for sealing, on the factory walls 20 cm film.

insulation - used for insulation covering board materials (DPM-25 or Epps, 100 mm thick) are laid end to end over the waterproofing. When using extruded polystyrene top layer film is still needed to prevent direct contact with cement mortar. The foam is not afraid of this neighborhood.

strainer - the thickness of the concrete layer and the brand of the solution used are calculated, based on the estimated load, the average is 50 mm. Screed reinforced with metal mesh thickness of 4 mm. The thicker the layer of screed and more expected loads, the grid must be thicker. To layer of concrete protecting the stuffing against external influences, it was uniform, use special plastic coasters or improvised devices. To maintain the fill level using beacons installed at an equal distance.

In standard cake, there are two ways to create a floor on the ground - by combining a foundation plate and (Rigid ligament) and through the damper tape (floating screed), details of the damper can be obtained from the tape material "Dry screed ...". In the first case, the construction is obtained depending on the possible shrinkage of the foundation, in the second coupler lives his life and does not undergo deformation.

The advantages of the flooring on the ground is their energy efficiency - they accumulate heat, versatility - suitable for a variety of soil types, long life - about right thing to do screed can be forgotten for a long years. It is also attractive to homeowners able to immediately fill a screed floor heating circuit - water or electric. Plus, for most decorative materials the resulting plate is optimal basis with minimal or no fine-tuning it, if you try and stand level. For example - for liquid fine floor concrete base is considered optimal embodiment.

But without the disadvantages of not done - here and most laborious process (one of the members of the board earned a disc protrusion, not calculating its own forces), and the inability to carry out communication in the ground, and the rise in the cost per square meter for large volumes backfill. Nevertheless, it is one of the most popular types of sex, the participants mastered the portal.

Staryjdub (Member FORUMHOUSE)

Region of residence - Stary Oskol, Belgorod region.

foundation Type - TISE.

Type walls and number of floors - on the walls of gazosilikata solution plastered on the inside, outside until insulated - thickness of 300 mm.

Ground floor construction (layers) - soil, sand, polyethylene, roofing material, concrete, Epps (layer 2 to 25mm), warm gender: screed 50 mm polypropylene fibers, 10 mm finishing plate, a substrate for a special TA - finish laminate 8 mm.

Floating screed, we live with the floor a few years, the problems and disadvantages are not noticed, it is satisfied.

Another user has selected FORUMHOUSE floors on the ground as the best option for heat saving.

chicken-A (Member FORUMHOUSE)

House has a total area of ​​135 m², which operate year-round on-arrivals stay - a couple of weeks there and the same - in the city. Thanks in part to the floors on the ground, do not tear the thermal contact of the internal volume of the house with a huge earthen accumulator tank, heating spend very little. However, to me here and help other techniques used to save on heating.

And this craftsman concrete base serves faithfully for two decades.

motiv (Member FORUMHOUSE)

Samara Region.

A mixture of the belt and a pile foundation (grillage non-suspended).

House in half floors, bricklaying kolodtsevoy with expanded clay in thickness in two bricks.

Home about twenty years.

On the ground floor just is, and no problems with it I do not remember. In addition, it is possible to postpone the construction of the floor at a later stage in the construction.

Floors on logs

Wooden, unlike monolithic concrete slab. When you create floors on logs at the base turns "lattice" of longitudinal elements - wood, metal or RC beams.

The one-story and more in demand Frame-house construction, wooden beams or logs - they can withstand heavy loads, their styling does not require any time-consuming and wet processes. Required thickness of the beam is calculated, based on the estimated load, the optimum parameter - 1/24 of the length. On the beam is softwood, the more resistant to external impacts, humidity should not exceed 14%. Before use, always held a special antiseptic treatment compositions - to prevent decay and pests and microorganisms.

Depending on the type of foundation, the beams are installed in special slots (left by pouring or laying, cut into wooden bases) or stacked on top. If the beams are in contact with metal, concrete or brick, additional locations in the waterproofing joint (resin roofing, film).

Typical cake Wooden consists of the following layers:

Floor beams - pitch between the elements depends on the expected loads and span lengths, on average - 1 m.

Lags (lath) - wooden block stacking perpendicular to the girders, the greater the distance between the beams, the stronger must be the joists. To withstand level with curved beams using wooden spacers, the distance from the wall to lag is 20 cm. Calculating step, consider this caveat. When the distance between the beams at least 80 cm, can be directly mounted subfloor, without any lag.

subfloor - required for laying the insulation, it is laid between the beams or between the beams, with a small step. As used cranial fastening bars (bar smaller cross section) affixed to the joists or battens. Planking plank on the bars without the use of fasteners, are located close to, but are free.

Moisture - protects the insulation from absorbing moisture from the subfloor, but should not delay pairs, so ordinary film is not suitable. Can be dispensed with waterproofing if the subfloor is dry and the groundwater level is low.

insulation - often used slab or roll materials: stone wool, PSB, Epps and Sediment type materials Cellulose Fiber.

Vapor barrier - it can be a special membrane, or ordinary plastic film.

ventilation gap - the design of the overlap is recommended to choose the lag to be slightly higher than the layer of insulation - Automatically there is a gap for ventilation. If this was not done, then after laying insulation stuffed timber, which will give the desired distance.

Lay whether after another insulation layer depends on the subfloor future topcoat - plank or slab varieties of self-supporting, for linoleum and carpet have to spend on basic layer.

The advantages of such a system include a floor construction speed, reduced load on the foundation, the absence of heavy physical exertion in the production (it is not necessary to drag tons of sand and gravel, poured concrete cubic meters).

Among the drawbacks noted need for effective ventilation of the underground, a smaller limit loads, fire wood and smaller, as compared with concrete durability. In addition, to make the floor water heating will need to spend additional funds for the tie or the use of alternative systems, such as - floor heating on wooden joists. However, the overlap of this type of choice for many developers, including members of portal, modifying the typical cake to fit your parameters.

kolyaseg (Member FORUMHOUSE)

Hem the bottom inch boards 15 cm wide vrazbezhku 7-8 cm, from top to put the resulting grating fiberglass for plaster facade and it has insulation - three overlapping mat, got 15 cm. On top of the joists and insulation will lay Izospan B. Next, I will also fill the lag across the board 100x50 mm vrazbezhku 24 cm. On board already RSD 12 or 15.

fiberglass kolyaseg replaced by waterproof film, considering that it is more reliable retain of the insulation destruction of surrounding clearance in the subfloor.

Mishgun21 (Member FORUMHOUSE)

A log house bath / home from the log 23 cm, 6x6 meters (with attic), the distance between the lags different - from 1 m to 1.5 m. Lags from a log, log cabin standing on screw piles. sex cake is:

Sorokovke bar.

It subfloor.

Top gidrovetroizoliruyuschaya membrane, smooth side to the sub-floor (to prevent moisture held in the insulation), rough - to a heater to prevent moisture from it goes out.

Insulation - 150 mm basalt wool, beams backfilled bar fifty.

Harbored all the vapor barrier.

Kontrobreshetka to create ventzazora (50x25 mm cube).

Batten.

The floors of the RC slabs

Like on the ground floor - beamless floors, with the difference that the reinforced concrete slab is not poured on the ground and ready to be purchased.

Demanded embodiment for homes with full ground floor or basement, when the plate is simultaneously and the ceiling of the lower level. In contrast to the floor on the ground floor and on logs, it is necessary to attract construction machinery, as put by hand, even the lightest plate impossible. But on the slab speed devices outperform all other options.

Floor slabs manufactured by industrial methods in two categories - single-layer and multi-hollow solid. The first is a reinforced monolith, in the second round through-holes (channels), in which it is convenient to hide communication. In the particular construction used primarily hollow-core slabs. Their thickness - 220 mm, they are easier continuous, have a reduced thermal conductivity and better insulate sound. When the standard plate thickness to withstand various loads, depending on the grade of the concrete and the reinforcing frame parameters. The length varies from 2.4 meters to 6.8 meters, width - from 1.2 to 1.5 meters, weight - from 0.9 to 2.5 tons.

Laying tiles is carried out in several stages:

Substrate preparation - the foundation for the plate to be perfectly flat. When pouring turned minor variations (up to 5 cm), they align the cement-sand binders. In some cases, especially in areas with a slope, you may need to pouring concrete or brickwork Laying nets.

preparation of plates - before laying channels are sealed at the ends by means of a heater (pushed in) and grout (obscure).

bearing - as far as plate must rely on the substrate it depends on its type: overlap on the brickwork is from 125 mm to concrete - 60 mm, long side onto the foundation plate are not supported. If the plates are laid close lugs connect them together (welded valves) if the plate without eyelets Chalki after extraction (for stacking device) is shifted close them. The field plate and the base contact stack layer of cement mortar (M100) - 2 cm, to help prevent extrusion of the reinforcing rod (10-12 mm thick) were laid down on the center of the seam. It can be laid on a dry basis, but this is not the case when it makes sense to save money. If the stove at the same time and the base floor and the ceiling of the lower areas, it fits the smooth side facing down, to simplify later finish.

tweaking - after laying necessarily sealed joints formed between the segments: the small thickness using the DSP, if the seams in thick solution was added crushed rock fines.

RC slabs are considered one of the most robust and reliable type of overlap, they are not required for the final few weeks catching up with the correct installation turns smooth surface. Depending on the type of finish may require casting a thin layer of screed (under floor heating) or a mixture of self-leveling leveling. A possible and the installation of cladding directly on the plate, without additional operations.

By cons plate overlaps can be attributed an increase in the load on the foundation, the need attracting special equipment and higher thermal conductivity of the coating than in systems with warming. Disadvantages have every type of floor, many choose the RC plate as the best option for themselves.

Max_im (Member FORUMHOUSE)

I have a plate on a construction site without eyelets on top, used when laying Chalke - leave a gap of about 3 cm, was removed Chalki, then we pull the plate back to back with a crowbar. The cement-sand mixture 2 cm thick acts as a lubricant, so that the plate 5 centimeters easily shifted until the solution froze.

Which is convenient, some organizations are made to order plates, which simplifies the overlap spans with unusual dimensions. This method was rescued by one of the members of our portal, even though he had to wait.

Daniel [iop] (Member FORUMHOUSE)

Plates made us a long time, they promised that they will do for three days, but at first it was not gravel, then - fittings. As a result, we made in two weeks, a state organization, but the quality of all praise. And any length, I had 5.4, would go and standard plates, but here is cheaper than in other places. For the transportation and laying of tiles used "ship itself, I drive myself." Find one that will also put itself was not easy, but my wife found.

What type of floors to choose, decide, on the basis of a number of factors: variety of foundation and structural elements at home, financial capacity, presence or absence of a strong health for shoveling tons of materials, etc. Whichever option is selected, only that the design meets the intended load, maintaining the technology and quality materials ensure strength and durability floor system. In addition, important and additional measures - insulation of the basement and the blind area, the presence of a drainage system.

A detailed discussion of sex devices with different form factor being the forum section overlap, There is a lot of useful information. article of dry screed It describes an alternative method for creating a universal sub-floor. video of cork floors introduces interesting decorative material, came on the market.